First Time, I did essentially the route you are planning in reverse 6 months ago, excepting I decided against going all the way down to Uralsk as the roads were getting bad and I snapped the subframe on my bike (I had it welded up in Oral).
Petrol stops are easy, you will travel no more than 100kms between service stations. I don't know about diesel but I did have a problem getting higher octane fuels especially around Atyrau and Oral. Only 70 octane was available but my bike didn't mind the lower octane at all, excepting my fuel consumption increased by 10% which was more than offset by the 15-20% lower fuel price.
I found I could easily average riding 450-500km per day and I am sure it will be even easier in a 4 wheel vehicle.
Atyrau-Qandygash is definitely doable as a one day drive but the road from Atyrau to Aktyubinsk is probably the worst in all of Kazakhstan and you will find it a lot easier to go via Oral.
One suggestion, instead of heading into Russia at Pavlodar, continue on to Semy - it's definitely worth a visit.
Garry from Oz.
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