Hi, Goandays!
I've travelled a bit around Russia (being the country's citizen) and can tell you that the roads on your route, at least until Novosibirsk (huge city by the way) are fine The leg leading up to Omsk and Novosibirsk are quite long and there aren't too many petrol stations, so make sure you top up awhen you see one. 300 km range will be fine.
Do make sure you are not speeding between St.Petersburg and Moscow! The "highway" goes through villages and that automatically reduces the limit to 60km/h from, I think, 90km/h most places on that road. This road is one of the most police-infested in the whole of Russia and they will want your money!
It's been a while since I was in the Baltic states, but from what I remember the roads there are just fine too.
Having said that, any road in the former USSR will have an occasional pothole out of the blue on a seemingly perfect road.
The one thing you must think about is weather!! Starting in September is VERY late! October in Russia may have you riding in snow and if you have to do 1000km in one day in cold weather… you won't like it!!!
Have a tent with you in case you get tired before reaching a motel in the middle of Russia. Most sleepers are located just outside towns of a decent size.
Unless you're going to really race it across, I would suggest rethinking the route to go south from Moscow eventually getting to Iran and Pakistan. The Black Sea is lovely in September!! Good for a swim. Mountain roads in the region are beautiful, even though may not be quite as well maintained. People in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan are very hospitable and autumn is the fruit season. Georgian wine is wonderful, if you get the real stuff (don't buy in Moscow though). You can try going through the Stans too, but I've not been that way. Anyway you go, southwards will give you time in terms of weather seasons.
The road across main Russia is beautiful in a 'alone in the wild' kind of way, but very uneventful (till Novosib at least). Once you get to the Buddhist republics of Tiva (if you ad a little d-tour) and Buryatia (not sure of spelling in eng) and Irkutsk, it'll get interesting.
Oh, and Mongolia can get pretty cold too, if you get there later in the autumn. If you change your dates and keep to the original route, the Altai region bordering China (south from Nobosibirsk) is really beautiful! Donno if you can cross the border to China there, though.
If you do go to Irkutsk area, give yourself a few days at Lake Baikal. Its beautiful!! Really.
It's coming back now… once you go up from sea level and planes of main parts of Russia, roads will deteriorate. Still tarmac, but not as good, but you wouldn't speed on a mountain road anyway. Do not go to Irkutsk later than mid October. You will freeze on the road!!! I would say Sep is the latest. (there is a reason why I'm repeating myself

) Great in the summer though.
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