Hello Gotan,
It's seems to be more complicated than with a French or Canadian passeport.
Bureaucracy is a nightmare, so easy by comparaison in South America and Africa ;-)
Maybe as Eshark say you could ask for assistance in you embassy...
You seems to be stuck in Turkey, really bad news for you.
I know it's better to have visas before but like you say there is lot of uncertainty about time.
If you want go to Iran try with Hossein Sheykhlou
- Overland To Iran
He could help you to cross Iran without CDP (7 days for 400€).
But the problem is for Turkmenistan.
Let me know how you will continue your journey
Un abrazo,
Damien