Due to the political situations there are essentially two main 'routes'. You can cross from Spain to Morocco very easily on the ferry and then take the 'Western' route that must go through Cameroon but otherwise is pretty flexible. Challenges involve visas for Nigeria, Angola and/or DRC.
The 'eastern' route involves crossing somehow from Europe to Egypt, which is much less reliable and may involve air shipping. Visas are significantly easier and cheaper going this road.
Areas that are more-or-less restricted right now are Libya, Algeria, northern Nigeria, western Chad, eastern Niger, Central African Republic and eastern DRC. If you look at a map, you will see that that pretty much cuts off the center.
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