For what it's worth, I rode through Grenoble yesterday and it was sunny and 20 degrees out, not a flake of snow to be seen except on the very tops of the mountains to the east.
From Grenoble, I rode southwest through the Vercors national park to Die. There are some fairly high elevations in that park, and I saw no snow of any kind - nor was the temperature particularly cool.
Usually, countries or touristic regions make information about what passes are open available on websites. If you do a Google search such as "Is the xxx pass open?" you can find up to date information.
The problem with some mountain passes in Europe is that if there is a better road (a motorway) serving the same route, the local authorities just don't bother to maintain the pass in the wintertime, this because it is too expensive to do so.
Michael
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