Hi,
we drove that route a couple of years ago - though in a LR Defender. A friend of ours rode his GS roughly the same rout slightly later and I think we're in pretty much agreement when I say I'd suggest you'll ride through Mongolia to Kz and then through northern Kz to Uralsk and continue into Russia via Samara and then WNW via Riazan up to Moscow. The main route along the Trans-Siberian is pretty boring to be honest. Also, even though we didn't experience anything dangerous or anything, we've heard a lot from Russian friends that they're always very careful when driving along that main road. Apparently there's been a bit of robberies etc., but I cannot say for sure since it's all hearsay.
About distances, try out Google Maps and measure out various routes and stopovers. Sometimes it might not work 100% for border crossings, but then stop just before and start measure again on the other side.
Most dangerous traffic parts that I know of is the stretch between Moscow and St P. We avoided that, knowing there's a lot of very heavy traffic and also it's been known for robberies, but then again hearsay from Russian friends and business contacts.
If your into maps and want to have a look at ours, discuss route alternatives, etc. and you're not too far off from Gothenburg you're always welcome to stop by! Send me a PM and we'll sort something out!
/Anders
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