For long-term travellers in Europe, especially Russia/Caucasus region: foreigners can easily import and register cars in Georgia, no address or any kind of long-term visa/registration required. I've found this to be a cost-effective solution for many reasons. My notes are below:

Import duties/taxes in Georgia are quite low, especially for vehicles 4-7 years old and very much so for large engines. Check the following calculator for details: Calculator for Customs Clearance | MyCar.Ge

There are no annual vehicle registration fees in Georgia and so far no periodic roadworthy/technical inspections.

Shipping a 4x4 from Germany to Georgia costs about 1100 Euros and takes around 4-5 weeks. I used the following company: Georgian Transport & Shipping, Hamburg
It's also possible to drive out of Europe on transit plates, but they cost about 300 Euros and it isn't possible to enter Russia in an unregistered (including transit) car without paying customs duties. I'm not sure what the situation is in Turkey. It's possible to drive to Romania and take a ferry directly to Georgia, where the car can be imported and registered.

VAT on EU cars (including used ones) can often be refunded, and the rate is around 19-22% (19% in Germany) so quite a saving. To find eligible cars, select "VAT reclaimable" on mobile.de: Car search on mobile.de – find your vehicle quick and easy

If buying in Germany, Dekra offers independent pre-sale inspections. They'll take high-res photos, note any damage and the general condition, check consumables for wear, check the computer for errors and service history, do a compression and diagnostic test, etc. Very useful if buying sight unseen.

International comprehensive insurance with Clements is quite good value - less than half what I would have paid in Russia for the same car. Their policy is valid everywhere except the policyholder's home country (any country that issued him with a passport). Also the following countries are not covered: US, Canada, Iran and North Korea. https://www.clements.com/intl-car
You'll also need mandatory third-party insurance for Georgia, which usually comes with a 'green card' that provides reciprocal third-party coverage for the whole of Europe, including Russia, excluding Kosovo. Details about the green-card system are here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intern...en_card_system


The following categories of people can temporarily import vehicles into Russia without paying taxes. Note that the person who imported the vehicle has to be in/on it at all times when it's being driven. It also has to be registered in another country to be eligible for temporary import (you'll need to show a reg. certificate at the border).

• foreigners on visas and temporary residence permits (разрешение на временное проживание) can temporarily import foreign-registered cars tax-free for one year (duration of the visa doesn't matter - customs provides a one-year temporary import permit at the border). If you need more time, the car can be driven over the border and straight back to start the clock again.
• Non-resident citizens (i.e. Russian/Belorussian/Kazakh citizens without propiskas) can temporarily import foreign-registered vehicles for up to 180 days of each year. Customs will check when entering or leaving Russia.
• Temporary imports aren't possible at all for resident citizens (including Russians/Belorussian/Kazakhs) and foreigners with permanent residence permits (вид на жительство). I.e. anyone with a valid propiska stamp in their passport cannot temporarily import a vehicle and will have to pay customs duty before entering Russia.

It's also possible to tax-free import a vehicle to the EU for up to six months per calendar year as long as you're a non-tax-resident of the EU. Any non-residents of the EU can drive it.