You got 2 main options: go to China, which means a mountain of paperwork and spending big, big money, or freight by sea or by air across the Bay of Bengal to India, there are no ferries, and you´ll need a carnet for India&Pakistan.
I would think the route via India to Pak, Iran, and Turkey is do-able about 8-9 months per year. Just before & after winter (which affects eastern Turkey & northwestern Iran most) it will depend on your luck, if its warm or cold. Can get extremely cold in those areas, too.
Thru China, I dont know, but I´d expect it to be a lot colder, and if not in China, then when you´ll get to Kazakhstan, or wherever you´ll head after it. But crossing the whole of China is prohibitively expensive for most travellers.
There´s also the Karakoram Highway route from Pakistan to China and onwards, but that I believe is also affected by very severe winter.
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