This week's attacks in Dagestan were by a small group of dissidents and have been quashed in any case. If you avoid every part of the world where there are some bad people you wont go far. Plus, to travel from Georgia to Kazakhstan you don't need to go near Dagestan. Don't seek out trouble and it won't seek you out. As for crossing Russia in the first place, many people have done it and left politics out of their travel plans. The Russian people are good people, as British and American ones were when their governments were invading Iraq, Afghanistan, etc.
Don't hold your breath waiting for Azerbaijani land and sea borders to open. They cite covid but the real reason is to keep out the flood of Russian draft dodgers that went into Georgia and Kazakhstan. The borders will stay closed as long as the conflict continues.
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