Hi Hamood:
You have asked a number of questions that address different topics. Only for the sake of housekeeping here in the forum (by that I mean trying to keep discussion threads confined to a single topic within each thread), I think it would be best if we only deal with the "insurance" portion of your questions here in this discussion.
Concerning your
question 1,
"What type of papers are required to cross borders", there is an entire sub-forum here on HUBB dedicated to that topic, it is the
Trip Paperwork forum. If you take a careful look through the various questions that have been posed in that forum over the past 2 or 3 years, I think you will probably find the answer to that question. If you don't, I suggest you create a new discussion thread (new topic) with a more specific question, for example, "What kind of papers are required to get from UAE to the Eastern border of Iran" or similar.
Concerning your
question 2,
"What route to take from the UAE to Europe", there is a forum dedicated to exactly those type of questions, it is the
Route Planning forum - perhaps post that question as a new topic in that forum. That might also be a place to gather info about your
question 3,
weather, and
question 4,
interesting things to see.
With respect to insurance coverage that you will need for the trip, I don't have a lot to add to what Beddhist wrote above, but I can confirm the accuracy of the advice he has given you:
1) For Turkey, you just buy it at the border. Read through earlier posts in this discussion and you will find more detail about how to do that.
2) For the EC countries, buy it in advance from either Arisa (see post #48 in this discussion) or MotoTouring (see post #98 in this thread). You can deal with either of these two companies by email or postal mail, and do the transaction ahead of time, so you will have the documents before you leave the UAE.
3) For the UAE to the Turkish border, God only knows. This discussion (all 184 posts so far) deals with insurance for
EUROPE (check the title of the discussion). I suggest you create a new discussion in this forum with the question
"How to I get insurance for a trip from the UAE to Turkey?" But, before you do that, perhaps check with an insurance company in Muscat, they might have the answer you seek.
Finally - you indicate that you plan to begin your trip in June 2013 - isn't it awfully fuggin' hot in the Middle East during June and July? Do you think that it is wise to attempt to traverse the (very thinly populated) Arabian peninsula from south to north on motorcycles when the average daily temperature constantly exceeds 40°C? I mean, Jaysus, not even the Bedoun would try to do such a trip on camels at that time of year.
Michael